Asunción CityParaguay travel guide

Itá Letra, las «letras de la piedra» del Ybytyruzú

Historic site

An archaeological site with pre-Columbian rock carvings at the eastern edge of Villarrica, discovered in the 1950s.

190 km≈ 3 h from Asunción
Half a dayDuration
₲₲₲Budget or free

What it is

Itá Letra means "letters of the stone" and is an archaeological site in the Ybytyruzú hill system, at the far east of Villarrica, about 18 km from the city, within the Ytororó district. It holds pre-Columbian rock engravings, discovered in the 1950s, which for a time were attributed to a Nordic presence in the Americas. The National Culture Secretariat declared it national cultural heritage by resolution 609/2018 and cites thermoluminescence and carbon-14 datings of between 5,200 and 350 years before present. A 2011 study by Spanish archaeologists from the Altamira Museum, reported by the press, ruled out the Nordic theory and spoke of an engraving more than 5,000 years before Christ; since the figures differ depending on the source, take them with caution. The drawings show animal tracks, constellations and references to female fertility. A trail links it with Cerro Akatí, and it joins the area's hikes, together with Cerro Mymýi.

What to see and do

  • Pre-Columbian rock carvings
  • Trail to Cerro Akatí
  • Ybytyruzú range scenery

Did you know…?

For decades the signs were thought to be Viking in origin; the 2011 analyses ruled that out.

The motifs include animal tracks and constellations.

History

The site became known in the 1950s and has been debated since. The 2011 studies placed it as the work of peoples predating the Guaraní, with carvings between 2,500 and more than 7,000 years old.

Tips

  • Do not touch or mark the carvings, and do not use chalk or water on the rock.
  • Visit with a local guide or check with Villarrica municipality and the National Culture Secretariat.
  • It is a hike: closed shoes, water and sunscreen.
  • The land is subject to an ownership dispute (a family claims it against INDERT, the land institute) and the site suffers from graffiti and wear: visit with a guide or authorization, leave no marks and do not enter private property without permission.

Check opening hours before you go.

Best time: Autumn and spring.

Activities

Festivals and events here

Nearby

Villarrica (compañía Ytororó) · Guairá

Cerro Mymýi y los cerros de Ytororó

Three hills of 400 to 500 m (Tigre, Mymýi and Pelado) on Villarrica's eastern edge, ideal for hikes.

≈ 2 km

Colonia Independencia · Guairá

Salto San Pablo (Pozo Hondo)

A waterfall and pool in Independencia district, listed among Guairá's most visited falls.

≈ 9 km

Colonia Independencia · Guairá

Cerro de la Cruz y su mirador

A hill with a cross and lookout in Independencia district, recommended for hiking and camping.

≈ 10 km
Salto Suizo

Independencia · Guairá

Salto Suizo

A waterfall of more than 60 meters deep in the Ybytyruzú forest, the highest in the country.

≈ 11 km
Verified · sep 2026

Researched and reviewed in September 2026 with 6 sources. A second reviewer checked dates, coordinates and lodging. Hours and prices may change.

Sources (6)